| Cobalt-free cathodes: A brief review |
| کد مقاله : 1107-17THECSI |
| نویسندگان |
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مهیار مومنی1، حمیدرضا مرتهب *2، مهسا باغبان صالحی1، علی اصغر نوزعیم1، علی اکبر عباسی3 1پژوهشگاه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران 2هیئت علمی 3دانشگاه علم و صنعت |
| چکیده مقاله |
| The adverse impacts of carbon-based energy resources on environment has caused an evolution in researches toward innovative technologies including electrical storage and transport systems. Sustainable production of cathodes is required to satisfy the ever-increasing demands for the Lithium-Ion batteries (LiBs) driven by electrical vehicle (EV) industries. The global expansion of LiB production capacity is expected to surge from nearly 290 GWh in 2018 to about 1700 GWh in 2028. However, the dependency of LiB cathode on Cobalt (Co) raises socioeconomic, sustainability, environmental and ethical issues. The Co price has also increased more than 60,000$ in recent years. Therefore, the production of Cobalt-free (Co-free) cathodes may be considered as a key. The alternative Co-free cathodes including lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), polyanion, nickel-rich layered oxides, spinel lithium nickel manganese oxide (LMNO), and lithium nickel iron aluminum (NFA) cathodes have been then proposed. In the current study, prospects and challenges of the mentioned cathodes have been briefly investigated. LFP suffers from poor electrical conductivity under low-temperature and limited specific energy density which makes improvements at material-level very challenging. Despite having been developed for more than 70 years, LMO is limited by its large volumetric charge during cycling. On the other hand, polyanion-type have low specific energy densities and difficulties in synthesis procedure. Furthermore, Ni-rich layered cathodes mainly struggle with capacity fade and many efforts have been made to overcome this challenge in recent years. Despite having an acceptable bulk stability, spinel-type LMNO cathodes have limitations at the interface. |
| کلیدواژه ها |
| Co-free cathodes, Lithium-ion battery, NFA, LMNO, Nickel rich cathodes |
| وضعیت: چکیده برای ارائه به صورت پوستر پذیرفته شده است |